First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia

Eleusine indica is a highly competitive and difficult-to-control plant in annual perennial crops. In Colombia, broad-spectrum herbicides, such as paraquat glyphosate, have begun to present poor levels of control for this weed. The multiple resistance glyphosate paraquat, the increase herbicide performance with adjuvants (Retenol® Trend® 90), alternative herbicides were evaluated resistant (R) population E. collected rice fields, which rotated herbicide-resistant (HR) Based on mortality, R was 9.8 7.2 times more than susceptible (S) plants respectively. accumulated 4.2 less shikimic acid had at least 70% electrolyte leakage S when they exposed Both increased foliar retention herbicides. addition, also effectiveness between 22% 58% that from 61% 100%. Alternative (atrazine, clethodim, imazamox, diuron, flazasulfuron, glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, quizalofop, tembotrione) provided high both populations indica. This first case confirmed Colombia. Adjuvants improved leaf efficacy paraquat. summary, study should be adopted by Colombian farmers provide additional modes-of-action combat future resistance.